Understanding Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL)

What Causes Recurrent Pregnancy Loss?

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), also referred to as recurrent miscarriage or habitual abortion, is defined as the occurrence of three or more consecutive pregnancy losses before 20 weeks of gestation. It can be caused by a variety of genetic, anatomical, hormonal, immune, or unexplained factors.

Does Male Contribution Affect Recurrent Pregnancy Loss?

Yes, the male factor is often overlooked but can significantly contribute to recurrent pregnancy loss:

• Chromosomal abnormalities in sperm are established causes of pregnancy loss.
• High levels of sperm DNA fragmentation have been linked to unexplained RPL and are often tested during fertility evaluation.

Do Structural Chromosomal Abnormalities Cause Recurrent Pregnancy Loss?

Yes. One of the key structural chromosomal issues involved in RPL is translocation:

• Balanced Translocation: A piece of one chromosome is attached to another chromosome in a way that all genetic material is present but mislocated, increasing the risk of miscarriage.
• These translocations can be inherited from a parent or occur spontaneously in the embryo (de novo).
• Carriers of such abnormalities are often phenotypically normal, making genetic testing essential during evaluation.

What is Sperm DNA Fragmentation?

Sperm DNA fragmentation refers to the breakage or separation of DNA strands within sperm cells, which can have profound effects on fertility and embryo development.

• High DNA fragmentation can interfere with embryogenesis and lead to developmental abnormalities.
• It may increase the risk of congenital malformations or childhood cancers.
• Fertilization with damaged sperm can result in embryos with unstable genomes.

What is Y Chromosome Microdeletion (YCM)?

Y chromosome microdeletion (YCM) is a genetic condition caused by missing gene segments on the Y chromosome. It is often found in men with low sperm count or infertility.

• Many men with YCM are asymptomatic and live normal lives.
• YCM is linked to impaired sperm cell development and is a major cause of male infertility.
• Genetic counseling is advised for couples when YCM is identified during fertility workup.

Suspect a genetic cause behind recurrent pregnancy loss? Book your consultation at Androplus today and get expert evaluation for both partners to uncover and treat underlying causes.