Penile Curvature & Peyronie’s Disease – Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

Understanding Peyronie’s Disease

Most cases of penile curvature are caused by a condition called Peyronie’s disease. This occurs when inflammation and scar tissue (plaque) form along the shaft of the penis. Though the exact cause is unknown, it is believed to be triggered by repeated mild trauma during sexual intercourse. The condition results in a noticeable bend during erections and can make sexual activity painful or difficult.

Common Clinical Conditions Related to Peyronie’s Disease

• Male Infertility
• Azoospermia
• Asthenoteratozoospermia
• Repeated Pregnancy Failures
• Vasography
• Microsurgical Varicocelectomy
• Microdissection Testicular Sperm Extract

Is a Curved Penis Normal?

A slight penile curvature (usually less than 30 degrees) that does not cause pain or interfere with intercourse is considered normal and does not require treatment. However, if the curve is significant, painful, or prevents sexual activity, it may be due to Peyronie’s disease or congenital curvature.

What Is Congenital Penile Curvature?

Congenital penile curvature is present at birth and becomes noticeable during puberty. It occurs due to uneven growth of the erectile chambers and is not caused by scar tissue. Curvature is usually downward or to one side and remains stable over time.

Causes of Congenital Curvature

Though the exact cause remains unknown, congenital curvature is believed to result from asymmetrical development of the erectile tissues (corpora cavernosa). It differs from Peyronie’s disease in that it does not involve scar tissue and typically does not worsen.

Treatment for Congenital Curvature

Treatment depends on severity. If the curve is mild and there is no discomfort during intercourse, treatment may not be needed. However, if the curvature interferes with sexual function, cosmetic or corrective surgery may be recommended.

What Happens in Peyronie’s Disease?

In Peyronie’s disease, scar tissue (plaque) develops inside the tunica albuginea—the thick elastic membrane surrounding the erectile chambers. As this scar tissue pulls on the surrounding tissues, it causes the penis to bend, especially during erection. The condition can cause pain, difficulty in maintaining erections, and emotional distress.

Who Is at Risk of Peyronie’s Disease?

• Men who experience frequent or vigorous sexual activity
• Individuals with autoimmune or connective tissue disorders
• Family history of Peyronie’s disease
• Men over the age of 50
• Patients with diabetes and erectile dysfunction
• History of prostate cancer treatment or surgery

Surgical Treatment Options for Peyronie’s Disease

Surgery is typically considered when the curvature is severe, persistent for over 12 months, and resistant to non-surgical treatments. Common procedures include:

• Grafting: Removal of plaque followed by placement of donor or synthetic tissue to straighten and restore lost length.
• Plication: Shortening the longer side of the penis to counteract curvature—simple but may reduce overall length.
• Penile Implant: Recommended in cases of Peyronie’s disease combined with erectile dysfunction for both function and shape correction.

What If Left Untreated?

If untreated, Peyronie’s disease may lead to fibrotic thickening, permanent penile deformity, pain, and sexual dysfunction. In some cases, symptoms may improve naturally, but for others, professional intervention is essential for restoring normal function.

Concerned about penile curvature or Peyronie’s symptoms? Book your appointment with Androplus today to explore the most effective treatment options.